By Linda A. Dove
November 13, 2022
Last time, I traced our UU origin story through the long centuries of the Holy Roman Empire with leaders like Athanasius, Arius, Scotus, Wycliff, Servetus, Ference, and the Socinuses. Their efforts planted the seed of UUism’s tree within Christianity. In the 1500s and 1600s, many Protestant sects, fleeing persecution, migrated back and forth between the Netherlands and England. I ended by noting how UUs, among others, fled to America, again largely to avoid persecution by other Protestants as well as Catholics. You’ll find both talks on HUU’S website.
Today, I trace how the UU tree evolved first in England and then North America through the 17th. and 18th.. centuries, a period when the age of faith faded a little and the age of science and reason unfolded. Then, in the first half of the 19th. century, theological disputes weakened both the Unitarians and the Universalists while some entertained secularism. Our Principles and Sources today reflect both the religious and the secular influences.
Last time I covered about 1,500 years. This time I cover only 300 but those years cover a complicated UU story. Again, I hope I don’t mischaracterize it or lose you by summarizing so much in so few minutes.
In the late-1600s, the Dutch William III of Orange took over as the British king and Parliament passed the Toleration Act of 1689. This ended 150 years of persecution from when Henry VIII broke away from Rome and established the Church of England (CofE) into those turbulent Tudor and Stuart decades when successive monarchs, depending on whether they were Catholic or Protestant, brutally persecuted dissidents. UUism evolved in part through its opposition to the rigid domination of the CofE and its sibling in America, Episcopalianism and Anglicanism.
In the mid-1600s, among other dissenters, the Englishman, the Reverend John Biddle and the Irishman, the Reverend Thomas Emlyn stand out notable. Both wrote books that inspired the Unitarian cause. In A Two-fold Catechism, Biddle argued against the CofE catechism, claimed there was only one God, not Three-in-One, and, outrageously, like Calvin and Wycliff before him, urged people to read the scriptures for themselves. Puritan Cromwell banished him to the remote Scilly Isles. Emlyn, ordained as a Presbyterian, wrote A Humble Inquiry, arguing for one God. He was imprisoned for blasphemy.
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