by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr.
August 15, 2021
It has been widely argued that New England transcendentalism was the first genuinely Americanintellectual movement, strongly influencing philosophy, theology, politics, and literature. Many date its clear beginning to the first meeting of the Transcendental Club on September 12, 1836, never really a club rather than a series of meetings. That first meeting had only three participants: two Unitarian ministers, Frederic Henry Hedge who hosted and initiated it and George Putnam, along with Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had stopped being Minister of the Unitarian Second Church in Boston in 1832 , following the death of his first wife and his developing doubts about communion and Biblical miracles.
Later male “members” (attendees of the meetings) included Bronson Alcott, experimental educator and father of Louisa May Alcott, the author of Little Women; Theodore Parker, abolitionist and Unitarian minister whose parishioners in his West Roxbury church included the abolitionist leader, William Lloyd Garrison; Henry David Thoreau, author of “An Essay on Civil Disobedience” and Walden, which exalted mystically merging with nature in accordance with Hindu and Buddhist views; William Henry Channing, nephew of the main founder of the American Unitarian Association in 1825. William Ellery Channing, who resisted transcendentalism even as his views influenced the movement; and George Ripley, journalist and Unitarian minister who would found the utopian Brook Farm experiment in 1841 in West Roxbury (which would fail in 1847).
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